Theme Of The Mother And Daughter Relationship In The Joy...

Throughout The Joy Luck Club, one major theme that kept appearing was a mother-daughter relationship. The relationship between every daughter and their mother was different, but all of the joy luck club members wanted their daughter to succeed. Each mother cared for their daughter exceptionally so and even portrayed wanting their daughter to have it much better than they ever did. For example, Lindo Jong and her daughter, Waverly Jong, had an interesting relationship. Lindo always wanted Waverly to strive in her childhood talent, chess. Waverly slowly built up anger towards her mother as she would always try recommending strategies to use and ways to attack during competition as well as treat Waverly as a trophy for her achievements. In†¦show more content†¦This points further to the conclusion that she didn’t put her children first just as the Joy Luck Club mothers did. In connection to the caring nature that was emphasized throughout the novel, it is easy to compare it to my relationship with my mother. Similar to Lindo, my mother is proud of me and shows that to the people around her. Although Waverly was ashamed of it in the novel, I am grateful that mother speaks so highly of me. In the novel, Junes feelings about wanting to live up to her mothers expectation were really strong. I feel the same way in wanting to show my mom that I can go above and beyond what she expects from me. In conclusion, this theme was displayed in every aspect of the novel and is easy to share experiences with, but can even be shown in the worst ways of a relationship between a daughter and a mother, just as the article brought to light. Word Count: 576 Maria Tobar Response Two Theme // Mother Daughter Relationship Every mother always wants to see their child pursue greater things in life and have it easier than what they persevered through. In The Joy Luck Club, each generation of a mother and daughter portrayed a strong bond displaying every quality a great mother would have. Suyuan Woo is a great example of how each mother in The Joy LuckShow MoreRelatedJoy Luck Club Character Analysis1045 Words   |  5 PagesThe Joy Luck Club Theme Analysis The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan is an entertaining book that focuses on four Chinese American immigrant families. They face problems in their hometown which causes them to move to the United States. They end up moving to San Francisco and face many different problems with their cultural background. The theme of The Joy Luck Club is the relationship between both the mothers and their daughters. A variety of different events occur throughout the book that explainsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Mother and Daughter in The Rule of the Game1103 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Rules of the Game† by Amy Tan is about Waverly Jong mother taught her the art of invisible strength when she was six years old, saying that it is a strategy for winning arguments and respect. At Christmas Waverly and her brothers received gifts from donations of members from another church. Waverly convinced her brothers, Winston and Vincent, to let her play chess by offering two of her life savers to stand in for the missing pieces. Waverly began playing with Lau Po, an old man who played chessRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club Is The Power Of Storytelling1054 Words   |  5 PagesA recurring theme in The Joy Luck Club is the power of storytelling. Throughout the book, stories are used as a way to socialize, teach lessons and warn about dangers. The article â€Å"The Psychological Power of Storytelling† by Pamela B. Rutledge explains how stories are a form of communication. Rutledge says, â€Å"Stories have always been a primal form of communication.† From cavemen drawing pictures of stories on walls, to bedtime stories being read to children, sharing experiences through storiesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Joy Luck Club 1700 Words   |  7 Pagesand dreams. Broken relationships and healing. Though these concepts might initially appear incongruous, they are all depicted in the book The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan and The Joy Luck Club film directed by Wayne Wang. Both modes of interpretation show how the mothers help their daughters solve their problems by explaining the formers’ pasts. However, while the book leaves each of the daughters’ stories open ended, the film boldly creates a ‘happy ever after’ ending for the daughters. In both the movieRead MoreAmy Tan: A Brief Biography757 Words   |  3 PagesAmy Tan is an American Chinese writer most notably known for her critically acclaimed novel The Joy Luck Club, amongst many others. Amy Ruth Tan was born on February 19, 1952, in Oakland California to John and Daisy Tan. Both of Amy’s parents were Chinese immigrants who fled from China to escape hardships. Amy’s mother, Daisy, divorced her abusive husband and left behind three daughters before immigrating to the United States and marrying Amy’s father, John. The marriage produced three children,Read More A Comparison of Themes of Amy Tans Kitchen Gods Wife and Joy Luck Club581 Words   |  3 PagesSimilar Themes in  of Kitchen Gods Wife and Joy Luck Club       Amy Tans two novels, The Kitchen Gods Wife and The Joy Luck Club, represent a unique voice that is rarely heard in literature. Tan is a Chinese-American woman who tells stories of old China that are rich in history and culture. Both novels have at least one strong central female character who is trying to inform her daughter about their Chinese heritage and familial roots.    The plot ofThe Joy Luck Club displays this ideaRead MorePlunging The Joy Luck Club by Amt Tan Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesThe Joy Luck Club (1985) was written by Amy Tan (1952). The Joy Luck Club is the story of a Chinese mother who leaves everything behind, a mother who leaves her family in China in order to get her children (in this case our protagonist June) a better life. Or as Amy Tan says: â€Å"The Joy Luck Club, about a woman whose mother has just died and who regrets that she never knew who she truly was. The stories poured out. They were what I felt and had to say before it was too late. I had found my reason toRead More Improving Mother/Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club1216 Words   |  5 PagesImproving Mother/Daughter Relationships in Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club One day everything is going great, in fact things could not be better and then you say something and your friend turns to you and says â€Å"oh my god, you sounded just like your mother†.   That is when you freak out and think to yourself it is true I am turning into my mother.   This is every daughters worst nightmare come true.   When a young girl is growing up her mother always says and does things that the girl vows she will neverRead More East-West Values and the Mother-daughter Relationship in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club1296 Words   |  6 Pagesand the Mother-daughter Relationship in The Joy Luck Club      Ã‚  Ã‚   The dominant theme of The Joy Luck Club is the clash between Chinese, American cultures, and how it affects the relationship between mothers and daughters. All of the mothers in the book were born and raised in China. All of their daughters were born and raised in the United States. Because of the differences in family traditions and values between the way the mothers had been raised in China and the way their daughters were growingRead MoreJoy Luck Club Character Analysis1032 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Joy Luck Club, the daughters of the Chinese immigrant mothers consistently struggle with communication and understanding, partially because of the language barrier between them, and partially because of the different circumstances they have been raised in. In the article â€Å"Thoughts From the Daughter of a Chinese Mother,† the writer notes an increasingly different set of values from one generation of immigrants to the next, stating â€Å"...the next generation of kids grow up spoiled by Western notions

Animal and Plants Cell Structures - 700 Words

Student Sheet Name: Date: June 18, 2015 Instructor’s Name: Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures Instructions: Your lab report will consist of the completed tables. Label each structure of the plant and animal cell with its description and function in the provided tables. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. 1. Animal cell: Observe the diagram that shows the components of an animal cell. Using the textbook and virtual library resources, fill in the following table: Animal Cell Number Cell Structure Description and Function 1 Nuclear pore Microscopic channels that allow certain material in and out of†¦show more content†¦Questions to answer a. List 3 organelles that are found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells. 1. Chloroplast__________ 2. Cell Wall__________ 3. Central Vacuole__________ b. Because plant cells have chloroplasts and can do photosynthesis, why do they also need mitochondria? Plant cells need both chloroplasts and mitochondria because they both play a very important but different role for the plants. Plants needs chloroplasts that can do photosynthesis to make glucose from light energy during the daylight. On the other hand plants need mitochondria because it breaks down such macromolecules like carbohydrates or lipids intoShow MoreRelatedThe Structure Of Animal And Plant Cells1135 Words   |  5 Pagesone: the differences between the structure of animal and plant cells In general both animal cells and plant cells have the similar structures, however they do have some differences. Plant cells have a cell wall, this strengthens the cell,it also gives it shape and protects it from infection. Plant cells also have chloroplasts which absorb light energy,this is vital for photosynthesis. Plant cell also have a vacuole, however unlike the ones found in animal cells they are much larger. Vacuoles storeRead MoreEssay about Comparing Animal Cells to Plant Cells617 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Cells Task: Write a comparison of animal and plant cells While plant and animal cells appear to be different, they have some similar features. Both kinds of cells contain a nucleus – which can also be known as the â€Å"brains† or the â€Å"control centre† of the cell. The nucleus of a cell contains most of its genetic material and is responsible for controlling all of the cell’s activities through gene expression. Both plant and animal cells also have structures called chromosomes. They are locatedRead MoreDifference Between Plant And Animal Cells1309 Words   |  6 Pages CELL OBSERVATION LAB By Alexandra Escaja-Heiss, Ashley Reeves, Christine Constant Period G1/B3a - Living Systems 10/22/15 Purpose To identify the difference between plant and animal cells, recognize their structures, and to better understand the various functions of those cell organelles. II. Background In 1665 Robert Hooke used an early light microscope to look at a thin slice of cork. Under the microscope the cork looked to have thousands on empty chambers, whichRead MoreCell Lab Report1076 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LIVING CELLS Name Answer the following questions as you work your way through the lab material typing in your answers. Then submit your completed lab report through the â€Å"Assignment† feature. This lab report is worth 50 points towards your final lab grade. Also, per the Honor Code, this work must be your own. CELLS Using your Biology Textbook answer the following questions. 1. What types of organisms are Prokaryotes? The Prokaryotes are organisms that areRead MoreCell Structure Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesExperiment 1 1. For each structure identified, do you think its location affects its ability to function? Why or why not? (Hint: those buried deep in the cell probably do different things than those closer to the cell membrane). Structure does not affect function of the cells, cells have a particular structure that enables them to carry out their function in the best way. 2. Draw a labeled diagram of a small section of the plasma membrane and briefly describe its structure and function. 3Read MoreInvestigating And Extract Chromatin From Plant And Animal Tissues1709 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigate and extract chromatin from plant and animal tissues. Chromatin fundamentally is the material that makes up the chromosomes and is comprised of DNA and histone proteins. Histones, which are small proteins that encompass a large amount of the basic amino acids, enable negatively charged DNA molecules to be bound. 1 Found within eukaryotic cells’ nucleuses, histones serve to bundle DNA into nucleosomes. They make up a great deal of the components within a cell nucleus, and assist in regulatingRead MoreEukaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic Cells1645 Words   |  7 PagesEukaryotes and prokaryotes There are only two types of cell in the world, these are eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They are both similar and different in many ways, for example prokaryotes are only a few micrometres in size whereas eukaryotes are between 5-100 micrometres and nearly 10,000 times the volume of that of a prokaryote. A chemical similarity between the two is that they both either contain or use proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids to store or create energy. Both eukaryotesRead MoreThe Study Of Cells From 330 Years Ago1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe study of cells started about 330 years ago. Before that time cells escaped notice because of their small size. With the invention of the microscope and its subsequent improvement, cells became visible and many new discoveries were made about them. Even today the study of cells reveals more detail, and its secrets, which are in fact the secrets of life itself, are revealed with ever increasing clarity. In 1665, English Scientist and Microscopist Robert Hooke described a honeycomb-like networkRead MoreLab Report About Examination of Protozoan Cultures1479 Words   |  6 PagesSAMPLE DESCRIPTIVE LAB REPORT Examination of Protozoan Cultures to Determine Cellular Structure and Motion Pattern Abstract Protozoans are unicellular eukaryotes with either plant- or animal-like characteristics. Through careful observation, we analyzed various protozoan cultures in order to identify characteristics associated with cell structure and movement of these one-celled organisms. We found that Protists exhibit certain characteristics that allow them to be categorized into different groupsRead MoreThe Responses Of Animals And Plants1566 Words   |  7 Pagessmall and highly infectious. It possesses the ability in infecting all cell types, from complex eukaryotes such as plants and animals, to microorganisms including archaea and bacteria. [1] However, it could only rely on infecting a host cell for viral replication, which when infecting a host cell it incorporates its genetic materials into the host cell DNA and uses the host’s cellular component for replication, such that the cell produces viral proteins and genetic materials for assembling new viron

Differences Between Multinational And Domestic Operations

The procedures and concepts discussed during this week’s module make valid points for both multinational and domestic operations. Though there are many similarities there are six main keys that differentiate the two. The difference include the different currency denominations, economic and legal ramifications, language differences, cultural differences, role of governments, and political risk. These factors combined contribute to how domestic and multinational firms handle cash, credit, and inventory management. The goals are similar for domestic and multinational firms in terms of cash management. The goals are â€Å"to speed up collections, slow down disbursements, and thus maximize net float.† (pg. 715) Then, the next goal is, â€Å"to shift cash as rapidly as possible from those parts of the business where it is not needed to those parts to where it is needed.† (pg. 715) The last goal is, â€Å"to maximize the risk-adjusted, after-tax rate of return on temporary cash balances.† (pg. 715) Though both have the same objectives multinational firms have more difficulties with cash management compared to domestic firms. This is where the six factors mentioned before come into place. For example, political risk can make it very difficult for multinational because the governments can put restrictions on funds expecting to be received by a firm. The rigidity of converting and transferring money can also make it difficult. Multinational firms require the transferring of money betweenShow MoreRelatedInternational Vs Domestic Strategies : International Marketing Model1326 Words   |  6 PagesInternational vs Domestic Strategies Strategies are the models of guiding companies from the existing position to where it owners would like it to be. Strategies are varying based on the business model. Business growth strategies, human resource development strategies, marketing tactics and internal goal-setting are the major focused areas in a business. Based on the business model, there are domestic and international strategies are implemented. International strategies are set up considering largeRead MoreInternational Marketing Ch 1 Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pages |Self-reference criterion (SRC) | | |Domestic uncontrollables |Global awareness | 2. â€Å". . . the marketer’s task is the same whether applied in Dime Box, Texas, or Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.† Discuss. The only difference between domestic marketing and international marketing is that the activities take place in more than one country. ThereforeRead MoreGlobalization and Free Trade1650 Words   |  7 Pagescontext in the globalized nation, it is referring to a freedom for businesses to trade between countries at no barrier from government intervention which includes imposing tax on the products and services, subsidies, import and export quota limitation, as well as imposing trade legislation. However, this cannot be realized in today’s world (White, 2008) due to the fact that each country needs to protect and balance between the three major aspects which is the social, economy and politic domestically inRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management945 Words   |  4 Pages maintaining compensating their services in tune with the job and organizational requirements. International Human Resource Management (I-HRM) This involves a process of procuring, allocating effectively utilizing human resources in a multinational corporation while balancing the integration differentiation of human resource activities in foreign locations. Objectives of I-HRM: To reduce the risk of international human resource It has helped a lot in reducing the risk in the businessRead MoreDoing Business In China Case Study945 Words   |  4 PagesGSK Continues to Operate Since the ordeal in China GSK currently has continued to keep operations going, the $40.6 million was a big hit on their financials but their stock prices maintain a $40 average. GSK clearly continues to grow and are currently doing well after all the scandals that accrued in 2013 – 2014. They have been recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on their new drug. GSK continues to grow and have two more drugs in the works. 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MNCs are increasingly becoming an important in the global economy and they are three times more common today than 20 years ago. In order to maintain competitiveness, multinational corporations must be able to changeRead MoreEffectively Managing Employee Compensation and Benefit Packages1289 Words   |  6 Pages There are many significant challenges that face multinational organizations in today’s business world. One such challenge, for global organizations and the human resource department, is effectively managing employee compensation and benefits packages. Managing compensation structures has become an integral part of many organizations that conduct operations in the global market, as there are many considerations for the host country when sending expatriates abroad. It is imperative for organizationsRead MoreBasic Strategies Multinational and Participation Strategies1082 Words   |  5 PagesBasic Strategies Multinational and Participation Strategies K. Praveen Parboteeah Basic Strategies Review of strategic decision making and strategic management Understanding of basic strategies And how to craft strategies Industry analysis SWOT analysis Situation with diversified companies Objectives The global-local dilemma Some of the broad multinational strategies Multidomestic Transnational International Regional Participation strategies – how should one enter a market Read MoreMultinational Corporations Based On International Business Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the multinational is separated in several nations, it remains as a single enterprise and therefore must consider how to balance competitive pressures for differentiation and integration (Lawrence and Lorsch, 1967). Multinationals must decide how to be sensitive to the unique demands of the indigenous environment without inhibiting their ability to coordinate the internal operations of local units in search of global strategies. As these issues of differentiation and integration are often

America Still Divided Racism And Discrimination

Brooke Parker Soc206 April 30, 2015 Final/Research Paper America Still Divided Racism and discrimination inequalities have become a major discussion throughout the years in our society. Inequalities has impacted every level of humanity on this earth. Education, tolerance and acceptance can be used to challenge one another in attempt to change the negative traditions that continue to exist in our culture. Racism and discrimination inequalities continues to be passed from generation to generation. When I read this quote, I had to laugh out loud, â€Å"America having elected an African American president twice is proof that racism is over in this country† (McWhorter). We can also assume it is our â€Å"All American† requirement to continue to place racism and discrimination at the top of all news stories and struggle to find answers for the poor minorities when in fact this is our country’s habit. These are the ideas of some American who don’t see the racism of western society and its discriminatory practices are allowed by stereotypes, prejudices and ideologies. These practices are not only reproduced in Caucasians but in all races verbally and non-verbally. In addition, as this country continues to grow and strive and traditions are passed from one generation to another, the racial inequalities will continue to pass as well unless we can make the necessary changes. My data collection consisted of three males, two females and ages from 19-60. The race categoriesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Life in the 1920s1077 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, not everyone was able to enjoy the advancement that the boom had assured. Although there were many wealthy people, there were still many people who could not afford to live luxurious lives. Many immigrants were not welcome into to United Stats. Prejudice and racism were spread throughout the country. 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For this reasonRead MoreMartin Luther King I Have A Dream Speech Analysis1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthat they are still not free like a white man. He is trying to relate the white people gathered to how bad other people have it in America who are not white. He is trying to reach out to most Americans who cannot break pass the barrier of color. He is trying to show that in that speech they say that all men are created equal. Even though, minorities are still treated like the underside of a shoe. Martin Luther King Jr. states that he understands people are trying to overcome the racism factor in AmericanRead MoreThe Conflict Of Police Brutality And Racial Profiling858 Words   |  4 Pagestheir struggle against racism was nearing a successful conclusion with the start of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People). For many years, especially for people not of colour, racism, racial discrimination and police brutality were â€Å"hidden† from the mainstream media. Though, from current events and to the recent obtainability of liberal media and twenty-four-hour newsrooms, citizens of America are being exposed and educated to the effects of racism today. In my finalRead MoreJohn P. Harris And Harry Davis1577 Words   |  7 Pagesconflict with an issue of racism infecting America and around the world. The Toons in the film represent discriminated humans. They are confined to live in segregated areas and in a world where they are seen as second class citizens. This film casts light on the conflict and issues happening during the 1940s such as racism, prejudices, and segregation. Racism has existed throughout America and the world. During the 1940s era there was a widespread of racial discrimination. The film Who Framed RogerRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racial Discrimination1425 Words   |  6 PagesRacism consists of ideologies and practices that seek to justify, or cause, the unequal distribution of privileges, rights or goods among different racial groups. Modern variants are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualitiesRead MoreThe Blindside1532 Words   |  7 PagesBlacks vs. Whites: Michael Lewis’s accurate portrayal of racism in America through his Biography The Blindside. Mike Ballou February 11, 2011 English 2 CPE-Mrs. Manzo Research Report â€Å"An eight year old girl in South Africa recently told Ted Koppel on Nightline, ‘White people are better then black people, I wish I was white but I am not’† (Racism in America’s Schools). This statement is believed to be true by many people. People all over the world feel hatred or dislike toward a certainRead MoreRacism Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pages1 Writing 121 Racism Changes Lives Racism is defined as views, practices, and actions reflecting the belief that human beings are divided into certain categories known as races and that these members share common attributes amongst one another. This definition causes a specific group or race to be less desirable, more desirable, inferior, or superior. The segregation between ethnicities have stirred many debates, battles, and controversy. Another issue that is related to racism would have to be

Beauty Queen Free Essays

`The Beauty Queen of Leenane’ is set in an isolated cottage situated in a small Irish town called Leenane, during the latter half of eighties. The two characters that anchor the play are the mother-daughter duo of Maureen and Mag Folan. Maureen is a forty-year old spinster who had lived all of her life with her mom, while Mag is the seventy-year old mother who is not prepared to let go of her daughter. We will write a custom essay sample on Beauty Queen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mag is very ungrateful and unappreciative, in spite of Maureen dedicating her life to help Mag lead a somewhat normal life. Although both of them have gotten used to each other’s idiosyncrasies over the years, there still exists a power struggle of sorts between the two of them. At times, they even loathe and blame each other for their own miserable plights. The mother character is portrayed as a mean, selfish woman who believes that her daughter should feel indebted to serve her. The daughter desperately wants to find love, rather a husband who could free her from the bleak existence. Maureen somehow wants to escape from the clutches of her mother and get married like her sisters. She even believes, at times, that her mother pretends to be sick to keep her confined to the four walls of the house. On the other hand, Mag tries to make her daughter feel guilty by accusing Maureen of ignoring her. As both of them had remained isolated for many years, they were reaching a state of social and emotional void. Many aspects of the play’s storyline draw parallels to Ireland’s socio-political standpoint. Many rural areas of Ireland like the one featured in the play are economically dead zones, where misery and dullness rule the day. This tone reflects in the play as Maureen and Mag lead a dull life which seldom lightens up. They also endlessly complain about how bad their lives are due to natural calamities and atrocities committed against the Irish community. It is quite ironic that the only time they enjoy talking is when they discuss their death. The ambiance of the play is quite claustrophobic as it takes place in a confined, darkly lit environment. The gray walls of the room are analogous to the sleepy town of Leenane, which breaks the usual conception of Ireland being associated with greenery and hills. This gives the viewer an unsettling feeling and conveys a sense of helplessness that haunts the play’s main characters. The other two characters in the play are Pato and Ray Dooley who happen to be brothers. Pato is a well-mannered gentleman who is sick of working in England for low wages and plans to go to America to try his luck there. He is instantly is attracted to Maureen as he expected every little. This made Maureen to be overjoyed over the prospects of being together with Pato and getting a second chance in life. On the other hand, Ray is a brash and irresponsible young man, but nonetheless amusing. This element of the play shadows on the restless youth of rural Ireland. The youth in Ireland apparently have only two possible choices; they would have to either rot their lives in boredom. or seek greener pastures in London. Although immigrating into England was not the easiest task in the world, it was their only hope to flee from poverty. The two brothers represent the two equally helpless groups of the rural youth in Ireland. This theme is universal since it can very easily be related to almost anyone living in any rural part of the world. Mag relentlessly tries to disrupt Maureen and Pato’s chances of falling in love, fearing solitude. Pato tries to pacify the situation between Maureen and Mag by talking to them, and gains Maureen’s respect. Maureen’s initial physical relationship with Pato was a result of several factors; it was due to sexual repression caused by Ireland’s ridiculously strong moral code and she also wanted to go against her mother for once in her life. However, she eventually falls in love with Pato and longed to be with him. Maureen’s final ray of hope gets shattered as Mag’s purposely lets out certain sensitive information about their family. Mag also unscrupulously destroys a letter written by Pato which asks Maureen to come with him to America. Since Maureen does not get her hands on the letter on time, she does not get the opportunity to leave Leenane and unite with Pato. Ray inadvertently plays a role in the disaster that Mag plans to prevent Maureen and Pato from getting together. The violent unfolding of events, her medical history, Mag’s death and the grief of not being with Pato forces Maureen to go into a state of chronic depression and eventually turns into the person she dreaded most, her mother (Chang 2001). Mag was not only her daughter’s captor but also a captive of her own lifestyle and choices. Although Mag might seem like the root cause of the disaster, she was also barely a victim of the human condition. Maureen being forced to take care of her mother is a motif to Ireland’s culture where love plays second fiddle to family responsibility. Maureen could not leave her old mom alone because she grew up on Irish values that condemned people leaving their elder alone during old age. The world needs to view Mag’s character as a self-indulgent parent from Ireland’s cultural perspective. In the rural parts of Ireland, children were raised merely to be additional hands in the family workforce, contrary to the western world’s perception of children being objects for showering love and care (Cobbe 2008). Since love is not a big part of the practical Irish life wherein arranged marriages are still the norm in certain areas, it gives the Irish another reason to escape to England. Also, the violent scenes in the play are not only an indicator of the true domestic violence that has become commonplace in the day-to-day lives of Irish people, but also a signifies that the petty fights that we as citizens of the world go through in the name of war and so on (Gonser). Like love and hate in human relationships, there is a fine line separating tragedy and comedy in plays. What ‘the Beauty Queen of Leenane’ successfully does is strike a fine balance between the two elements, making it quite engaging albeit intense. Ultimately, the play is a strong cultural satire of sorts that showcases rural Ireland’s way of life to the rest of the world. One could interpret this play as ironical for relating the lack of economic wealth to the people’s lives devoid of happiness, thereby criticizing the spate of our modern soulless existence. Beyond the dark humor is a darker message signifying that the worst of human qualities can very easily come out under suitable circumstances. ‘The Beauty Queen of Leenane’ is a play that makes us look past the obvious and think about things that we usually avoid because they are too complicated and stressful. However, these kinds of plays do remind us of the true nature of human beings that lies dormant behind years of cultural training. Also, Maureen growing old and turning into her mom is a classic case of the vicious cycle of life. Reference: Chang, E. (2001, May 7). Theatre: The Beauty Queen of Leenane. Retrieved 27 June 2008, http://www. peak. sfu. ca/the-peak/2001-2/issue1/ar-leenane. html Cobbe, E. (2008, June 20). Review – The Beauty Queen of Leenane. Austin Chronicle. Retrieved 27 June 2008, http://www. austinchronicle. com/gyrobase/Issue/review? oid=oid%3A638384 Gonser, J. â€Å"Welcome to McDonaghland – About Language, Biscuits, and a Certain Taste for Aussie Soaps†. Retrieved 27 June 2008, http://www. anglo-iren. de/beautyqueen/queen_p. htm How to cite Beauty Queen, Papers

Compulsory Vaccination of Children Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Compulsory Vaccination of Children. Answer: Massive campaigns have been mounted against polio around the world over for years (Chaturvedi et al., 2009). The efforts have necessitated a commendable decline in polio cases to a tune of 98%; from a suspected 3,500 cases annually a decade ago, only 37 cases were reported last year. However, there are still pockets of polio cases being reported annually in some countries such as Pakistan (Obregn et al., 2016). 1 in every 200 cases of polio results in irreversible paralysis. About 5-10% of those paralyzed die when their breathing muscles become immobilized. Immunization of children against most diseases is largely voluntary with the exception of a few including polio (Mangrio, Alam Shaikh, 2008). The success story of mandatory immunization against polio is full of fascinating twists and turns. Mandatory immunization enjoys the support of proponents; it also draws most of its critiques of society and religion (Jegede, 2007). This essay explores the hurdles mandatory vaccination of ch ildren against polio has undergone in Pakistan. Pakistan is a war-torn nation. Its economy is struggling at best. Like its neighbors, most of its nationals live in abject poverty (Khan Qazi, 2013). Preventable communicable diseases are common in the population living below a dollar per day. According to the WHO (2015), there is a need for a strong political will to make sure that millions of Pakistan children get immunized. Statistics reveal that a little over three million Pakistan children do no complete their immunization schedule annually, rendering them susceptible to life-threatening preventable diseases. Pakistans immunization coverage varies across the nation with some regions scoring poorly; less that 50% of the children being fully immunized against deadly diseases such as tetanus, measles, and polio are some districts (WHO, 2015). A high-level mission from the WHO and UNICEF expressed concerns that the Pakistan Government was not moving with the required speed to implement immunization recommendations. The mission further pledged support for the immunization program. According to these experts, it is a tragedy when children perish of preventable diseases. Millions of lives of children across Pakistan are put at risk each day due to limited access vaccines. The eradication of smallpox is ascribed to mandatory vaccination around the globe. Under the recommendation of the WHO and the CDC, most governments legislated in dealing with outbreaks in the areas of their jurisdiction (Khowaja, Khan, Nizam, Omer Zaidi, 2012). The Pakistan government should permit its local governments to make decisions with regards to rolling out polio vaccination drives in the areas of their jurisdiction. Such drives can target all vulnerable individuals, in this case, children. However, exceptions must be made for those who are likely to demonstrate against such programs. Until such a time when all populations at risk have been vaccinated against, mandatory vaccination should be the way to in Pakistan. This is a cost effective and friendly approach to preventing polio and similar communicable diseases. Additionally, it should be part of the general public health policy. Ordinarily, vaccination programs are achieved through the combined efforts of state entities that mostly develop and recommend vaccines (Cole Swendiman, 2015). This is made possible with the support of legislatures and local boards of health. It is not fully precise to term it mandatory vaccination because the Pakistan government cannot criminally punish parents and guardians for not bringing their children to the hospital for vaccination or compulsorily subject children to vaccination. As an alternative, the government can archetypally permit school enrolment when parents provide proof of vaccination polio (Nishtar, 2010). However, the government should monitor the situation carefully because mischievous parents can opt for homeschooling in case they which to bypass the vaccination requirements. In addition, the Pakistan authorities must be aware and ready to grant vaccination exemptions under religious and philosophical intentions. In addition, exemptions must also be made for tho se who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons (Swendiman, 2011; Warraich, 2009). The link between enrollment in schools and vaccination policies need to be made clear. Pakistan health officials tasked with protecting the public with from the dangers of polio need to realize that mass vaccination is a sure way of attaining sufficient levels of population immunity enough to contain possible outbreaks even with the existence of pockets of unvaccinated children among the population. This is supported the principle of herd immunity. Vaccination by itself is incapable of yielding 100% immunity against a disease. In some instances, vaccinated individuals still contract diseases (Closser, 2010). Nonetheless, because of herd immunity is an adequate number of people in a population are vaccinated; the whole population ceases to be vulnerable to the disease. In this light, mass vaccination not only needs to be regarded as an individual medical choice but also as an undertaking to secure the health of the entire population. Following the popularity of public schooling, many governments opted to condition school attendance to small pox vaccination. Towards the end of the last half of the last century, many governments had embraced this practice. The same can be done for polio. The Pakistan government can limit school enrollment to children who have been vaccinated against polio not unless sufficient medical proof has been provided to direct otherwise. Adopting this policy is reasonable when we take into account the heightened risk of communicable diseases in limited resource settings such as Pakistan. By mandating the vaccination during school enrollment, the authorities would be making sure that the youngest population vaccinated initially becomes the oldest in society (Mushtaq et al., 2010; Khan et al, 2015). Vaccination programs have faced challenges in both the legal and social fronts for decades. Some of the critiques have cited personal liberties and possible reduced efficacy of the vaccines. In the early 19th C, courts characteristically advocated for the adoption of mandatory vaccination packages and the allocation of power to local authorities. More notably, to rip the potential of mandatory vaccination policy, educating the public on the importance of such rulings (Modlin, 2010; Mushtaq et al., 2010; Khan et al., 2015). It has been argued that prevention of future epidemics lies with making use of current technology. In a similar manner the advances in agriculture have saved more lives that those claimed by wars, governments are faced with the dilemma of whether to make it mandatory for their people to be compulsorily vaccinated. It is not deniable that there is a few side effects vaccination. It is also not deniable that vaccinations may be contradicting the religious and the philosophical wishes of certain people. They should be still mandatory considering that the benefits outweigh the setbacks. The public gets to be protected, the side effects are minimal, and future epidemics are averted (Mushtaq et al., 2010; Khan et al., 2015). Vaccinations augment public health and create a society where members are treated equally and given a chance to live a healthy life. Despite the argument side effects, no significant studies have been conducted to proof that they occur. In a study conducted in Britain, only 28 cases of 10 million vaccinations against swine flu reported side effects. Well, people die a day in the day for innumerable reasons. However, people tend to be on high alert when the deaths occur around the time of immunizations. It is at this time that people throw around speculations that are not founded on science and therefore misleading the public. As such, the severe effects claimed to emanate from vaccinations may be difficult to be proven because many other factors can cause such reactions. Deciding against immunizing children entails taking a much bigger risk. If such children come in contact with polio-infected children, the potential of contracting polio is significantly high. In the economic front, immunized people hardly miss school or work because they hardly fall sick; thereby helping the society to grow socially and economically (Kazi, Khalid Kazi, 2014). As it has been shown by some of the world greatest philosophers, vaccines protect the right to live. On grounds social contract, it is possible for people to surrender some of their freedoms to state authorities to allow for the protection fundamental interests. Polio vaccination ought to be one of such times. While mandatory vaccination may ignore one religious or philosophical view or desire, the protection of the right to life should be supreme. Individuals tasked with polio vaccination in Pakistan need to make the critiques aware that the sanctity of life is supreme over other wants and views. One has to be alive to demand basic human rights and express views and desire of religion and philosophical inclinations. In addition, the desire not to be vaccinated harms both the individual and others who have not been vaccinated but have a desire to be vaccinated. Someone may be too lazy to go out to hospitals and health centers for vaccination. Such people, if not forced to go for vacc ination, they can spread the disease to others. If it is left up to them, they will never go for it, as such, a slight push to undergo mandatory vaccination is in their best interest and the society (O'Reilly et al., 012). History has proven that vaccination is the surest way of preventing epidemics in the future. The modern world is free of epidemics of past diseases such as smallpox. This is because governments made it mandatory for their citizens to undergo the exercise. The same can be replicated for polio vaccination in Pakistan. In the early 1980s, an outbreak of H1N1 was reported. However, vaccination was not made mandatory. This is has necessitated the worldwide pandemic of H1N1 reported in the world today. Through mandated vaccination, possible mutations of polio can be averted. The H1N1 influenza virus has been reported to have mutated causing a more severe version of the disease. Time vaccinations can avoid such mutations. Those who claim that vaccines cause disease need to remember that vaccines are continually monitored for safety. They also need to remember that like any other medication, some minor side effects are to be expected. Some of the possible side effects expected include sore arm momentarily after vaccination. Occasionally, some few people get sick after vaccination. However, the sickness is normally a weaker for of the disease that normally lasts for a shorter period of time. In most times, the weaker version of the disease does not need medication. It disappears on its own. Diseases are continually being spread. However, because of mandated vaccinations, we will continue to enjoy the protection against diseases. The Pakistan children need not be left behind. Despite the few polio vaccination setbacks, the future generations need the protection. It should be mandatory. Current technology can be deployed in making sure that the vaccines are availed in the remotest parts of Pakistan (Murakami et al.., 2014). In May this year, Ministers of Health from 194 states congregated to endorse new recommendations on ways of strengthening vaccinations programs in order to meet GVAP goals. It is regrettable that Pakistan is among the few countries that were not invited despite being invited. Pakistan missed out on an opportunity to interact with countries on the means the country can use to strengthen the governance and leadership of their immunization programs in addition to monitoring and surveying to avert polio outbreaks. The conference called on countries to strengthen and expand the vaccination services beyond infancy and mobilize domestic resources as well as for countries to work with others to meet GVAP goals. Health Ministers from the 194 countries also asked WHO Secretariat to continue offering support for countries lagging behind to ensure regional balancing in vaccine uptake and that each country works towards meeting its goals (Shah et al., 2011). Recommendations of scaling up of advocacy programs have been made in the past. According to the experts in the field of disease prevention and vaccination, improved understanding of the value of vaccination is likely to improve the uptake of the services; all geared towards meeting GVAP goals. Constant monitoring and reporting are necessary. In the Health Minsters meeting, countries were asked to report back on an annual basis made towards the realization of GVAP goals and targets. Such comparisons are critical for any country wishing to benchmark its progress, or lack thereof, towards having a polio-free nation. Pakistan, though not represented in the meeting needs to join others, reports its progress towards meeting GVAP goals with a particular focus on polio (Lenzer, 2011). Vaccination of health children with the intent of safeguarding the individual child and the community, in general, should be central to all vaccination programs. This entails subjecting the child to a theoretical risk exposure to disease immunized against; whether live, attenuated or killed. Times are gone when people question the decisions of their governments or physicians. However, those times are long behind us. People are becoming more and more aware of medical procedures (Owais et al., 2011). New treatment recommendations regard patients as partners in the decisions made. This is integral to ensuring that the patients take charge of their treatment plans. Well, underage individuals may not be in a position to make sound decisions. In such instances, parents are tasked with the responsibility of making the decisions of behalf of their children. It is always advisable for physicians to pay cognizance for parental autonomy in making medical decisions not unless the minor is at the highest risk of not receiving the vaccines (Kazi, Khalid Kazi, 2014). Debates have been doing rounds on whether it is justifiable to scare the public with statements that make them aware that not vaccinating their children endangers the society. In this case, stubborn parents can be stripped of the right to decide for the child. Such decisions can be made by the government of physicians through legislation. But again, it is important to evaluate on who stands to gain the most from a childs vaccination. There are many stakeholders with vested interests (Kazi, Khalid Kazi, 2014). The community gets a disease free health population from which it draws it workforce. The pharmaceutical companies will get a ready market for their products while the individual child gets to live a normal healthy life; which is instrumental in meetings personal goals at every stage of life. All these groups need awareness with regards to the improvements that have been made of vaccines since Edward Jenners initial administration of vaccines in the late 17th century. Jenners v accines had thimerosal and mercury that were responsible for the undesirable side effects reported back then. In early 1900, four children died while twenty people developed severe abscesses and sixty reported systemic infections following receipt of staphylococcus aureus vaccines. Since then, remarkable improvements have been made with regards to vaccine delivery. One of the improvements that have been effected includes having lower levels of mercury in vaccines to a tune of 187.5 and below. Presently, vaccines meant for children do not contain thimerosal and mercury with the exception of the influenza vaccine. Besides, numerous trials of the polio vaccine have been conducted, and it has been proven to be safe. Many people are against vaccinations because they believe that they are harmful and contain many different ingredients that hurt them References Swendiman, K. S. (2011). Mandatory vaccinations: Precedent and current laws. Cole, J. P., Swendiman, K. S. (2015). Mandatory Vaccinations: Precedent and current laws.Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico,17(2), 255. Mangrio, N. K., Alam, M. M., Shaikh, B. T. (2008). Is Expanded Programme on Immunization doing enough? Viewpoint of health workers and managers in Sindh, Pakistan.JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association,58(2), 64. Chaturvedi, S., Dasgupta, R., Adhish, V., Ganguly, K. K., Rai, S., Sushant, L., Arora, N. K. (2009). Deconstructing social resistance to pulse polio campaign in two North Indian districts. Jegede, A. S. (2007). What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign?.PLoS medicine,4(3), e73. Obregn, R., Chitnis, K., Morry, C., Feek, W., Bates, J., Galway, M., Ogden, E. (2016). Achieving polio eradication: a review of health communication evidence and lessons learned in India and Pakistan.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,87(8), 624-630. Khan, T., Qazi, J. (2013). Hurdles to the global antipolio campaign in Pakistan: an outline of the current status and future prospects to achieve a polio free world.J Epidemiol Community Health, jech-2012. Khowaja, A. R., Khan, S. A., Nizam, N., Omer, S. B., Zaidi, A. (2012). Parental perceptions surrounding polio and self-reported non-participation in polio supplementary immunization activities in Karachi, Pakistan: a mixed methods study.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,90(11), 822-830. Nishtar, S. (2010). Pakistan, politics and polio.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,88(2), 159-160. Closser, S. (2010).Chasing polio in Pakistan: why the world's largest public health initiative may fail. Vanderbilt University Press. Kazi, A. M., Khalid, M., Kazi, A. N. (2014). Failure of polio eradication from Pakistan: Threat to world health.J Pioneer Med Sci,4(1), 8-9S. Warraich, H. J. (2009). Religious opposition to polio vaccination.Emerging infectious diseases,15(6), 978. Murakami, H., Kobayashi, M., Hachiya, M., Khan, Z. S., Hassan, S. Q., Sakurada, S. (2014). Refusal of oral polio vaccine in northwestern Pakistan: a qualitative and quantitative study.Vaccine,32(12), 1382-1387. Lenzer, J. (2011). Fake vaccine campaign in Pakistan could threaten plans to eradicate polio.BMJ: British Medical Journal,343. Shah, M., Khan, M. K., Shakeel, S., Mahmood, F., Sher, Z., Sarwar, M. B., Sumrin, A. (2011). Resistance of polio to its eradication in Pakistan.Virology journal,8(1), 457. Owais, A., Hanif, B., Siddiqui, A. R., Agha, A., Zaidi, A. K. (2011). Does improving maternal knowledge of vaccines impact infant immunization rates? A community-based randomized-controlled trial in Karachi, Pakistan.BMC public health,11(1), 239. O'Reilly, K. M., Durry, E., ul Islam, O., Quddus, A., Mir, T. P., Tangermann, R. H., ... Grassly, N. C. (2012). The effect of mass immunisation campaigns and new oral poliovirus vaccines on the incidence of poliomyelitis in Pakistan and Afghanistan, 200111: a retrospective analysis.The Lancet,380(9840), 491-498. Khan, M. U., Ahmad, A., Aqeel, T., Salman, S., Ibrahim, Q., Idrees, J., Khan, M. U. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards polio immunization among residents of two highly affected regions of Pakistan.BMC Public Health,15(1), 1100. Mushtaq, M. U., Shahid, U., Majrooh, M. A., Shad, M. A., Siddiqui, A. M., Akram, J. (2010). From their own perspective-constraints in the Polio Eradication Initiative: perceptions of health workers and managers in a district of Pakistan's Punjab province.BMC international health and human rights,10(1), 22. Modlin, J. F. (2010). The bumpy road to polio eradication.New England Journal of Medicine,362(25), 2346-2349.

Oriental Art Essay Example For Students

Oriental Art Essay Oriental art is very distinct from other parts of the world. In their sculptures they still used such materials as clay, wood, and bronzes. However there art work promoted such things as goodness in nature, serenity, graceful balance, spiritual perfection, and a mystical harmony within themselves. There work avoided confusion, conflict and violent emotions at all costs. New or unprecedented experiments in their art work was never welcomed, and the expression of nobility and inner worth where demanded. Ultimately oriental art was said to be â€Å"a way of being†, but to understand this you must look at the words of the great Chinese philosopher Confucius who said â€Å"Raise yourself to the beautiful.† However not all Oriental art is the same, and to see the difference and the influences of their art you need to look at the area’s of China, Japan, and Korea. The Neolithic inhabitants of China were energetic in their pottery, and where the first to practice this art, in which China has remained supreme in until recent times. Not very much is known about the earliest Chinese craftsman or the society that produced them, other than the fact that they lived in pounded earth settlements in northern Honan, Shangtung, and Kansu. These early craftsman created fine pottery, and especially beautiful vessels for funerals which where used for food and other provisions for the dead. These craftsmen where taught to honor the â€Å"five rulers† who had taught their forefathers how to raise silk worms, catch fish, domesticate animals, plow, reap and use the wheel for transportation and for throwing pottery. The Shang people came into history half way through the second millennium B.C., these people also lived in pounded earth settlements, and made funeral vessels. These people established the li which was the basic metallic shape used in their bro nzes. Not only was the li used, but also other shapes have been discovered. In recent excavations, thousands of different vessels have been found, however it is possible to distinguish about forty basic shapes of the vessels. Each vessel served a different purpose in sacrifice or funeral ceremonies. Some where used for wine and water, some for storing foods, while others where used for cooking meats. The Shang dynasty have left some sculptures as original and different as there bronzes. However none of the large statue survived excavations. The importance of the excavations cannot be overemphasized. Who would have imagined an ancient culture so rich that they actually created stone sculptures, wheel made pottery, carved jade, and bronzes, which have never been surpassed. Too often when people speak of â€Å"Oriental art† they think that both China and Japan developed in the same way and the same time. This statement however is false, and the Japanese art did not start till several years after Chinese art did. The first forms of Japanese art can be looked at through the Jomon people, who where nomadic hunters and fishers. A number of human figurines and fertility gods have been found, also vessels made by the coiled clay method. The name Jomon, actually means â€Å"coiled rope†. The figures made by these people seem to be very imaginative, and possibly inspired by a fear in supernatural forces. The figures where made to be viewed only from the front, and although there where simply molded, some did have very elaborate decorations. When contacts with Asia and China where made, the style of Buddhist art was developed. This new form inspired sculptors and painters to have totally new viewpoints on their art. The Korean society was extremely influenced by Chinese culture. This did not stop Korean artists and craftsman from making their own original and distinct contributions to the world of art. In an expedition in 1909 many tombs where unearthed. In them they found mirrors weapons, lacquer objects, pottery, and ritual jades. Most of these items however where said to be from China and this proved the close contacts between the two countries. The Great Silla period was the first and most interesting periods of Korean art. Things that where found during this period of time where openwork metal ornaments, jewelry, images and pendants, which where meant to word off evil spirits. Pottery was also very popular during this time period, and some forms of fired gray pottery have been found. Wars and invasions have destroyed some of the finest works of art during this period. The most important remains are the ruins of a temple at Pluguk-sa. In this temple all that remain are stone stairways, balus trade, pagodas, and two bronze sculptures with these you can only imagine its original beauty. .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d , .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d .postImageUrl , .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d , .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d:hover , .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d:visited , .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d:active { border:0!important; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d:active , .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9fc83204f467d7f9c7310ad99196910d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Definition EssayOriental art goes far back, it is the first form of sculpture and pottery, and is very distinct from other parts of the world. However many variations of Oriental art still exicst such as Chinese, Japanese and Asian. Arts and Paintings

Reasons to Become A Volunteer Essays - Civil Society, Giving

Reasons to Become A Volunteer In our modern capitalistic world, the idea of doing something for free might sound strange. Western society has oriet stuck in the situation of trying to find a job, but needing working experience, but you cannot obtain working experience because no one hires you. Statistics show about 73% of employers would rather prefer to hire a person with volunteering experience in the field than a person without one; 94% of employers share the belief that volunteering helps potential employees obtain new skills and diversifies their qualification, and thus are more prone to hiring people who volunteer. Respectively, 94% of those people believe that volunteering can add to one's skills; 94% of people who were hired after a volunteering experience say such an experience aided them in getting their first job, or benefited them in other ways, such as quicker promotion, salary increases, or obtaining new skills (World Volunteer Web). Having relevant work experience obtained during volunteering and specifying it in your CV can be a kickstarter for your career, because nowadays more and more employers tend to count volunteering as actual work experience (ReachOut.com). Besides, volunteering is a great option to explore possible career opportunities if you are unsure what you would like be doing for living. Through various programs, you can try yourself in a number of organizations, working on different problems, and on different positions, without having to do job-hunting, and then job-hopping. Therefore, if you still think you do not have time to volunteer because you need to look for a job, or because volunteering could be a nuisance to your duties, you might want to reconsider your opinion. Also, volunteering is a natural way of socialization and getting to know your surroundings, meeting new people, and finding useful contacts. Regularly meeting with a group of people who share the same activities, way of thinking, and goals can make it easier for you to make friends. Besides, volunteering could make a great example for your children; if you want to teach them responsibility, compassion, and how one person can make a difference by personally participating in solving it, you should volunteer; children tend to learn through observing what adults do, and by your example they will have a great role model to adopt. And, of course, through volunteering you can find a lot of useful contacts, resources, and activities for your whole family (HelpGuide). There have been surprising research studies connecting helping other people on a voluntary basis with mental health; specifically, people who are known to be involved into different forms of selflessly helping other people, animals, and so on, felt like they were undergoing some sort of beneficial therapy. In particular, according to CSV, millions of people in the United Kingdom doing voluntary work started to feel less depressed; about 48% of those who have been involved in volunteering during the last two years felt relief in terms of depression, and improvement of their mental condition. Among more than 600 volunteers who were observed during the experiment, 63% of people aged between 25 and 34 said that volunteering reduced their stress levelsso did about 62% of volunteers over 65 years old. According to CSV's research, volunteering also helps reduce work-related stress, and even boosts productivity: 31% of people aged between 18 and 24 said they had taken less time off work since starting to volunteer (The Guardian). All these facts demonstrate that volunteering is a great alternative to a number of other activities, since it can help you acquire work experience and get a job; makes you more sociable, and turns you into a good role model for your children; and besides, it decreases the levels of stress we are exposed to on a daily basis, and helps people effectively combat depression. Therefore, you might want to start volunteering as soon as possible.

The House Of Mirth Essays - Films, The House Of Mirth, Selden

The House Of Mirth Book I, Chapter 6 Lily and Selden are on a walk together, Lily having broken her second planned meeting with Percy Gryce in order to see Selden. The excuse she gave Gryce was that she had a headache that first prevented her from going to church and second from going on a walk with him. She instead convinces him to join the other guests and go to the Van Osburgh home in Peekskill. Selden tells Lily that he views everything she does as having been premeditated. She disagrees, saying she is impulsive, but Selden argues that her genius is being able to convert impulse into intentions. They discuss the freedom that Selden enjoys, and he admits that he is able to be amphibious and live in both the wealthy elite society as well as the working society in New York where he is a lawyer. Selden and Lily continue conversing, discussing her ambitions in the society while Selden chooses to belittle them. She finally asks him if he would marry her, and he responds that maybe he would if she wanted to marry him. They both get caught up in the moment, but it is destroyed by the sound of a motorcar that reminds Lily that she is pretending to be sick back at the house. Selden and Lily share a cigarette at the end, but Selden is no longer as friendly to her, telling her that he took no risks in offering to marry her if she wanted him. Analysis Lily establishes a pattern of not being able to commit herself, a pattern that starts here. Instead of going on a walk with Mr. Gryce, she takes the afternoon walk with Selden. This is a huge risk since Bertha Dorset considers it a direct attack on her. Lily is thus again risking her future by associating with Selden. It was earlier alluded to that Selden essentially belongs to a clerical order as such. This is established in his comments about the republic of the spirit (73). Lily immediately knows what he is alluding to and asks him why she cannot join: Why not? Is it a celibate order? (74). Selden's republic of the spirit serves as his protective and exclusive society. It allows him to find fault with everyone in order to exclude them, and is one of the reasons he will not marry. Lily tells him, It is a close corporation, and you create arbitrary objections in order to keep people out (75). In this sense Selden is the ideal man to be the observer in the novel since his perceptions will not be corrupted by Lily's influence. Another feature that Selden brings into the novel is that of being amphibious, that is, being able to live with the elite and also with the working classes. I have tried to remain amphibious. Selden is in fact the only man who works in the novel, and his ability to live in both worlds is symbolic of the role of the bachelor in the society. As Lily pointed out earlier, she would never be allowed the pleasure of living alone and still maintaining her societal position. Once again the intimacy of the cigarette is shared with Selden, but now the cigarette is used to show casual friendship rather than sexual desire or marriage intrigue. This cigarette puts the final rejection on Mr. Gryce, for not only is Lily avoiding a walk with him, but she is also committing what he considers to be a vice. Book I, Chapter 7 Mrs. Trenor admonishes Lily for spending time with Selden. It turns out that Mrs. Dorset, upset that Lily was stealing Selden away from her, retaliated by telling Percy Gryce several awful things about Lily and thereby caused him to run away from her. Mrs. Trenor continues with her reproach until Lily realizes that she is now fully back in her position of being a debtor, a position she had hoped Gryce would rescue her from. Mrs. Dorset enters the room and proceeds to mention the speed with which Gryce left Bellomont, striking out directly at Lily. After the conversation ends, Mrs. Trenor has Lily pick up her husband. She goes to the

Conscience essays

Conscience essays What makes us humans different from elephants, snakes or chimps besides our shape? We have consciences, of course. Conscience is the awareness of right and wrong. In the Crucible, the idea of conscience in strongly emphasized. Miller himself said, "No critic seemed to sense what I was after [which was] the conflict between a mans raw deeds and his conception of himself; the question of whether conscience is in fact an organic part of the human being, and what happens when it is handed over not merely to the state or the mores of the time but to ones friend or wife." The idea of conscience in the play The Crucible is based very much on Christian concepts, firstly the idea of morality, or conscience of right and wrong, secondly the idea of the confession of sin, and finally the idea of guilt and penance for sins. Conscience and authority ... a heart or a head response? I believe that authority and the law should only apply where the conscience fails, that is when the appearance of rig ht and wrong is tainted. Personal conscience and reason should be the final authority. First, at the start of the book, we see that the people of Salem have already begun to strain under this strict idea of conscience, this repression. Abigail says to John, "I look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretence Salem was, I never knew the lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes? I will not, I cannot!" The girls dance in the woods and cast spells, something distinctly forbidden by theocratic law. This is why Abigail seizes the opportunity before her at the beginning of the play: she sees the witchhunt as a means for her to work herself around the conscience of the Church and all its restrictions, and instead establish her own idea of right and wrong. While the theocracy was established for the no...

Newspaper Headlines Lesson for Students of English

Newspaper Headlines Lesson for Students of English Take a look at any newspaper or magazine headline and you are likely to find incomplete sentences full of action-packed verbs. Headlines live in a linguistic bubble all by themselves because they ignore grammar conventions such as the use of helping verbs and so on. Of course, this means that newspaper headlines can be confusing to English language students. This is because newspaper headlines are often incomplete. For example: Difficult Times AheadUnder Pressure from BossMustang Referral Customer Complaint This lesson focuses on helping make sense of the strange forms used in newspaper headlines. You may want to review some of the most common grammar exceptions found in newspaper headlines before you take this lesson into class. Lesson Breakdown and Outline Aim: Understanding newspaper headlinesActivity: Translating newspaper headlines into more understandable EnglishLevel: Intermediate to higher levels Outline: Find some headlines in old newspapers or on the internet and cut them out. There should be at least two headlines per student.Pass out one of the headlines to each student. Give them a few minutes to think about the meaning of each headline.Ask students to read their headlines aloud and give an explanation of what they think the article in question concerns.As a class, brainstorm on possible structural meanings behind the strange grammar found in headlines (refer to grammar exceptions found in newspaper headlines).Ask students to fit the following headlines into the correct categories on the worksheet. You may want to have students pair up to do this.Correct the exercise as a class.Pass out the headlines you have left to the students. Ask each student to translate each headline into proper English and give an explanation of what they think the article in question concerns.As a homework option, you may want to ask students to find some headlines on their own and repeat this exercise. A further challenge might be to ask students to find headlines, read the articles, and then ask other students to interpret their headlines in small groups. Newspaper Headlines Exercises for Students of English 1. Match these newspaper headlines with the following categories (some headlines fit two categories): Newspaper Headlines Difficult Times AheadForgotten Brother AppearsJames Wood to Visit PortlandLandscaping Company Disturbance RegulationsMan Killed in AccidentMayor to Open Shopping MallMustang Referral Customer ComplaintOverwhelming Response of VotersPasserby Sees Woman JumpPresident Declares CelebrationProfessors Protest Pay CutsTommy the Dog Named HeroUnder Pressure from BossUnexpected VisitWidow Pension Pay Committee Categories Noun PhrasesNoun StringsSimple Tenses instead of Continuous or PerfectAuxiliary Verbs Dropped in Passive FormArticles DroppedInfinitive to Indicate Future 2. Try to translate the meaning of each of the headlines.

Essay Example on Cause of Crime

Essay Example on Cause of Crime Essay Example on Cause of Crime Essay Example on Cause of Crime Causes of crime are many and you cannot cover all of them sufficiently in your essay. Therefore, you should focus your essay to several key causes of crime and develop your essay on the chosen aspects. For example, you can write an essay about the alcoholism and its effect on crime. Alternatively, you may try to establish the link between crime and poverty. The following essay sample covers several causes of crime. We hope you will find a couple of useful ideas to develop your own essay. In addition, do not hesitate to contact us if you need help with essay writing or looking for any type of assistance. Moreover, we deliver free essay outline and cover page with every essay we write. Cause of Crime: Essay Excerpt Since people must recognize other abundant causes of crime than drink, but also that intemperance, if not a primary cause of crime, may have been an excitant to misconduct of secondary or even remoter importance, the first step in this investigation was to devise a scheme of inquiry which, although brief and simple, would bring out the essential facts in their proper relations. Our executive essay writers take note that it has been sought to cover the all-important ground by a schedule containing these queries: "Did any of the following causes lead to a condition which induced the crime: (a) Unfavorable environment of birth and early life, such as parental neglect, want of education, etc.? (b) Lack of industrial training? (c) Intemperance: (personal?) (ancestral?) (of associates?)" It might have been interesting to elaborate the schedule, asking with regard to intemperance, for instance, when drinking first began; when habitual inebriety became fixed; whether any deep-seated malady had followed or preceded intemperance, either causing it or not; whether vitality had in some way become exhausted before intemperance became a habit, etc. But brevity and simplicity were essential in order to get any results. By demanding consideration of perhaps the two most fruitful generic causes of crime besides intemperance, it was hoped that the main factors in the production of criminals could be studied, not only independently, but in their relation to each other. As a further means to this end, the investigator was requested to "state relative rank of the causes enumerated (a, b, c,), if more than one of them must be considered in the present case." That is, the causes were to be grouped according to their relative importance as first, second, or third. The schedule also ca lled for information relating to place of birth, kind of crime for which committed, and whether it was a felony or misdemeanor. The last-mentioned distinction seemed important in view of the generally accepted fact that the proportion of misdemeanants whose criminal career has been influenced by the liquor habit is very much greater than that of felons. To maintain this distinction in the tabulation was, however, impossible, because the terms felony and misdemeanor lack a uniform definition in the laws of different States. Moreover, from the nature of the prisons dealt with, the percentage of convicts committed for misdemeanors was insignificant in proportion to their whole number. It seemed prudent to restrict the investigation to convicts in state prisons and reformatories for adults. By the way, there is another great sample of personal essay: Read also: Cause and Effect Essay Argument Essay Writing Argumentative Essay Writing Thesis Papers Writing a Dissertation Proposal

Transportation regulation and public policy by land, sea, and air due Essay

Transportation regulation and public policy by land, sea, and air due to the Deregulation Act of 1978 - Essay Example (Moses, 1989) One of the main reasons for passing regulatory reform bills was to make the lawmakers realize that increased competition would lead to more efficient operations that would not only lower rates in the air, land and sea industries but would also not compromise upon safety issues or quality of service. "Some changes in quality of airline service were, in fact, hoped for. It was commonly believed that after deregulation 1978, the suppression of price competition by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) would foster competition in service quality variables that would be highly uneconomical, such as too early replacement of aircraft and departures at major airports that were excessive in light of existing load factors. It was also asserted that such quality competition would drove the costs up, which would led to proposals to the CAB for relief in the form of fare increases. However, the positive effects of such increases (which were almost always granted in the past before deregulation) on t he profitability of airline operations were soon dissipated by another round of quality competition and increased in costs of operation". (Moses, 1989) In the rail industry, nevertheless, the essence of the regulatory transition problem was never summarized and the expectations were not fulfilled. Presently, the rail industry is subject to substantial sunk costs, since assets are long-lived and specialized to certain geographic markets. Much of the traffic is subjected to effective competition from competing railroads, modes of transportation, origins and destinations, or products. Some shippers, however, are successful in transporting commodities for which rail have a substantial competitive advantage over competing modes, even if they are available in principle. Further, after 1978 deregulation Act these shippers have sunk considerable costs in specific locations or signed contracts with customers or vendors, which make them captive to individual railroads. The difficult problem in the transition is to permit maximum leeway for competitive forces while maintaining a substitute for the regulatory protection that was relied upon by captive shippers when they sank costs. These long-term investments were initially made by the shipper with the presumption of continued regulation and thus without the usual contractual protections against "opportunistic behavior" by the carrier in such circumstances". (Baker et al, 1991, p. 12) "In the rail industry, after 1978 the ICC does not now assume jurisdiction over rates unless it has made a determination that the rail carrier possesses market dominance over the traffic. Section 4 addresses issues in market dominance determination, particularly the role of the revenue/variable cost ratio". The history of railroad regulatory policy may be largely summed up as an attempt to resolve the conflicting objectives.

Importance of training in legal requirements, diversity, employee Assignment

Importance of training in legal requirements, diversity, employee growth - Assignment Example Majority of the companies and the workforce are under some aspect of legal ruling. Statistics show that many people are still in the dark in matters to do with the law. Training in legal requirement will allow the employee and the employer to protect themselves from tyranny (Mathews, 2001). This will ensure that the employees follow the regulations at all times. By being familiar with these requirements, one might have a better chance of defending him or herself. There are several laws that the federal government requires or recommends for employee and organization training. One law in which training is required is the health and occupational safety. This will promote health and safety in the working environment and, thus, is of utmost benefit. Employees will be motivated as they know their health and safety is taken care of. Legal requirement also addresses the issues on ethics and sexual harassment. There have been cases in which employers are held responsible for sexual harassment. This happens in the situation where the organization has failed to exercise care to prevent and correct such behaviors within the work environment (Mathews, 2001). It is crucial for the company to understand the laws that apply to their everyday activities. Training can minimize the employer’s liability if an employee is guilty of a criminal offence. It is also essential to know the legal requirements that your company must comply with such as contracts, licenses, registrations and leases. The knowledge of legal requirements will enable the company to avert lawsuits and be better positioned should such an event occur. An organization that practices effective an ethics program and compliance decreases its fines for conviction by up to 90 percent (Dessler, 2004). Teaching legal requirements to the company also entails covering legal problems that one may encounter such as insurance,

Answering Questions #2 (Anthropology) Assignment

Answering Questions #2 (Anthropology) - Assignment Example Sociocultural Anthropology, in focusing on patterns of socialization and culture across nations, has enabled us to understand different societies with regards to cultural differences in philosophical problems such as truth and justice, as well as practical concerns such as environmental studies and social changes to societies (American Anthropological Association, 2012). Biological Anthropology, in studying how people have adapted to different environments, has contributed to human relations through their study of evolutionary theories and how people have taken their place as a whole throughout the world (American Anthropological Association, 2012). Archaeology, due to its study of the past, has helped societies not only understand their individual histories, but how each culture has come to affect other cultures (American Anthropological Association, 2012). Finally, Linguistic Anthropology has contributed to human relations by assisting in understanding areas such as social identity , large-scale cultural beliefs, and group membership through their focus on languages and the ways in which they have helped and affected different societies and cultures (American Anthropological Association, 2012). 2. Describe the typological and population models. Both the typological model and the population model are methods of classifying the human race as a whole. Both methods have been found to possess several flaws, albeit for different reasons (O’Neil, 2011). The typological model classifies people into groups based on traits that can be observed from a distance, and assumes that people can be classified based on this reason alone, which is an inherent flaw in its logic (O’Neil, 2011). The typological model is also flawed due to the fact that it assumes that all races have the same inherent traits, which is simply untrue, as humans cannot be classified as â€Å"homogenous† by any sense of the word (O’Neil, 2011). Due to these flaws, the populati on model was developed, which was based on the idea that certain groups of people were the product of ancestors who had mated more or less only with each other for the previous time period (O’Neil, 2011). It works in almost a completely opposite manner of the typological model, as instead of classifying traits and then determining who has them, instead mating patterns are discerned first, and then considers the traits that make them unique (O’Neil, 2011). However, this too has an inherent flaw; humans do not stay in one place long enough to form concrete classifications for using this method (O’Neil, 2011). Thus both of these models, while serving their uses for classification purposes, have flaws that make them unusable as one type of classification alone. 3. Describe the impact of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution on studies of divisions of humans. Charles Darwin had a rather dramatic impact on studies of divisions of humans due to his theory of evol ution, and literally caused everything to change with his views. The former classifications of humans, both from Aristotle and Carolus Linnaeus, had used principles that, while logical, were at their core quite arbitrary and had no grounded basis at all (Blamire, 1998). Darwin made the point that humans evolved from something else, and likewise anything could therefore evolve, and change (Blamire, 1998). It soon became obvious that new divisions were needed for humans, because traits that resided as a part of humans could be both seen and unseen, and classifying them

The structure of a typical plant cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The structure of a typical plant cell - Essay Example Point to note is that, plant cells has numerous organelles, and each section of an organelle is separated by a cell membrane and epithelium layer of fiber. This enables the substances to pass through. This has been found to be totally different from the cell wall, which is very thick and stronger thus gives the plant support. Besides, cell wall also sums up most parts of the parts structure (Dashek and Harrison 2006). Structural composition A simple plan cell constitutes of very many invisible but, the most common structure includes; Cell wall A plant cell wall constitutes the thick outer most part of the cell. A cell wall, which is made up of cellulose fiber, interlinks the rest of the other parts of the cells enabling the plant have to the shape. Besides, cell walls are considered essential to the formation of tissues and organelles of the plants. Because it is founded on the outer most section of the cell, they act as interactive centers facilitating intercellular communication wh ile at the same it protects the plants from imminent threats of microbes thus offering enough room for biosynthesis (Dashek and Harrison 2006). ... The protein components are considered very vital in supporting the shape of the cell while, some are attached to the membrane to assist in the transportation of substances (Gunning and Steer1996). Cytoplasm This is composed of oily or liquid like substance where active substances of the cell are located. A bigger section of the cytoplasm is made up of colourles water leaving the remaining part for the rest of the other substances. Most of the active activities within the cell are carried out in the cytoplasm. Clear visibility from an electron microscope indicates cytoplasm as a 3dimesional substance whose main function is to act as mars suspending all the active substances of the cells. Due to its molecular nature, to some extent it helps in restoring the cells’ shape. Ultimately, cytoplasm actively suspends the nuclear to any location within the cell, and it contains some salt substances giving it the potentials to conduct electricity (Gunning and Steer1996). Vacuole This is large membrane bound component of active plant cell. Vacuole contains some special liquid substances, which also helps in sustaining the shape of the cell. Vacuole is bigger in size taking almost ? (quarters) of the cells’ volume. It is entitled to the abortion of excess water and discharge to the cell whenever a need arises. Besides, one of its sections is known to contain some of the most precious and scars enzymes, which are otherwise unavailable in any other section of the cell. As a responsibility of eliminating toxic substances from the cell, vacuoles have been known to contain the acidity of pressure to enable it maintain the potential quotient of the cell. During germination,

Case Study Portfolio Grangewood Paper Limited Essay

Case Study Portfolio Grangewood Paper Limited - Essay Example In each instance both criminal and civil liability can be founded. In addition, Grangewood is accountable to the Environment Agency. This paper will critically evaluate each of these duties and their respective consequences. In order to understand how poor waste management constitutes a breach of both statutory and common law duties it is necessary to define waste and the health risks associated with waste. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs divides waste into commercial, industrial and municipal waste.1 Municipal waste is typically waste disposed of by households, schools and small businesses. Commercial and industrial waste is collected from the business and manufacturing sectors respectively. Otherwise, there are no residual differences between municipal, industrial and commercial waste. To this end waste is â€Å"an inevitable by-product of our use of natural resources.†2 Waste is any waste materials generated and collected by local authorities or their agents.3 Council Directive 75/442/EEC also known as the Waste Framework Directive refers to waste as any material that is intended to be discarded or ought to be discarded.5 For all intents and purposes, was is construed within the parameters of the Council Directive.6 In general poor waste management practices can lead to loose debris and pollutants which poses a health risk on site and in the general vicinity.7 These pollutants attract insects and become breeding grounds for germs.8 Solid waste degrades and generally pollutes the area. Similarly liquid wastes becomes stagnant and likewise emits offensive odors and attracts insects such as mosquitoes and other germ and disease carrying insects9. Liquid waste is particularly problematic for Grangewood since its dye is left out so that it is exposed to rain and liquidizes into an unnatural state. Simply put, the Waste Management/The Duty of Care/A

Personal Attachment Style Essay Example for Free

Personal Attachment Style Essay My personal attachment style as determined by the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Fraley, n. d. ) was secure, which seemed appropriate. Individuals with secure attachment styles are not typically concerned with rejection from a partner and they tend to be comfortable in emotionally close relationships (Rodriguez Ritchie, 2009). Research has shown that when secure individuals face conflict, they are likely to problem solve using strategies such as compromising and encouraging mutual discussion and constructive communication (Carnelley, Pietromonaco, Jaffe, 1994; Riggs, 2010). Additionally, secure individuals have a decreased potential for depressive symptoms and a far lower risk for psychological disorders throughout adulthood (Riggs, 2010). The questionnaire provided a realistic and accurate assessment of my natural tendencies in intimate and other relationships. Contributing Genetic and Environmental Factors I was endowed with good genes both of my parents were calm, warm, loving people who had above average intelligence and the ability to think in progressive and effective ways. They were socially aware and had many friends and colleagues who respected and loved them. I had a close to ideal family environment as a child: my parents were particularly responsive to my needs and my opinions were always respected and valued. I was not ridiculed, mistreated, or abused, although I was held to high standards and was encouraged to behave appropriately and thoughtfully and to express my feelings in creative, honest, and constructive ways. Research indicates a correlation between early attachment development in childhood and the capacity to form close attachments in adulthood (Brandel, 2010; Reyome, 2010; Riggs, 2010). Sullivans developmental model placed critical importance on interpersonal relationships and how children, and later adults, construct ways to maintain relationships within the family and with others (Brandell, 2010). Because people have intrinsic psychological needs, they create ways to fulfill them, and if the needs are not met by psychologically healthy interactions, less effective unhealthy means are implemented (Brandell, 2010; Rodriguez ; Ritchie, 2009). My childhood environment was conducive to psychological health and provided the emotional building blocks for future positive relationships. Affect on Cognitive and Social Development Research suggests that abuse during early childhood deeply affects an individuals future ability to bond with others, in effect, abuse influences social development (Reyome, 2010; Riggs, 2010). Furthermore, it may interfere with the individuals ability for emotional regulation, and may contribute to maladaptive emotional coping skills that may lead to psychological disorders (Riggs, 2010). Insecure individuals show a decreased ability for social information processing, such as careful listening (Riggs, 2010). Compounded with decreased emotional regulation, maladaptive coping skills, and a propensity to psychological disorders, maltreatment in childhood has a tremendous impact on social development and the ability to engage effectively in relationships in general (Brandell, 2010; Carnelley, Pietromonaco, ; Jaffe, 1994; Riggs, 2010). In early childhood, children create norms and develop expectations according to the quality with which their needs are met, usually by the mother (Brandell, 2010). These norms and expectations are the templates by which individuals relate to others throughout their lives (Brandell, 2010; Reyome, 2010). When a mistreated individual consistently distorts self-perceptions and inaccurately interprets the behavior of others as threatening, they may engage in retaliatory behavior (Riggs, 2010). As previously mentioned, I was raised in a warm, wholesome family environment in which personal expression was expected, valued, and appreciated. I grew p believing and experiencing that the most valuable relationships are the intimate ones I have with family and close friends. They are the safe harbors that naturally ameliorate the challenges of life. I developed highly positive expectations about intimacy, and my needs were mostly addressed. Because I learned that close relationships are safe, I perceive them accurately and as a non-threatening component of life. The pleasure I derive from close relationships has diffusely permeated my relationships in gener al, and I seek out and appreciate some level of intimacy in all of my relationships.